The Green Lists Green Ideas Galore Created and maintained by: Erik Johnsen 2010 Purpose: to give people ideas and get people thinking. Send new ideas and I will incorporate them into the page: webmaster@scrollseek.com

Fuels Fuel Source/s Hydrogen Green algae Ethanol Corn, super yeast, switchgrass Biodiesel Fats

Different Types of Engineering Energy (Engineering Archives) Type Description Formula(s) Work force times distance W = Fxd Heat Mechanical Energy sum of kinetic and potential energy Emec = K + U Gravitational Potential Energy energy due to gravity U(z) = mgy Elastic Potential Energy springs U(x) = 1 2 kx2 Kinetic Energy energy of motion, objects in motion EK = 1 2 mu2 Potential Energy stored energy ΔU = –W Thermal Energy commonly called heat ΔEth = fkd    due to sliding (friction) Internal Energy other unaccounted forms of internal energy Intermolecular potential energy involves the forces between molecules Molecular kinetic energy involves the translational velocity of individual molecules Intramolecular energy (energy within the individual molecules) involves the molecular and atomic structure and related forces Strain energy the increase in energy associated with the deformation of a member.

Other Real World Types of Energy (Engineering Archives) Sound Hydroelectric Nuclear Chemical (Fire) Solar (Light) Other waves (radio, micro, gamma, etc.) Wind Gravitational Electromagnetic Magnetic Electrical / Electronic Sound Energy Light Energy Radioactive energy (radioactivity) Geothermal energy Strain energy Elastic energy Translational (kinetic) energy Rotational energy Vibrational energy Surface energy Plasma

Renewable Energy Mechanisms and Devices, Methods of Harnessing Renewable Energy Mechanicsm/Device Energy Utilization Sterling solar engine Solar Solar panels solar Wind turbine wind specialy designed clothing wave apparatuses wave energy, ocean (tidal) power heat exchangers geothermal energy piezoelectric devices amplified piezoelectric actuator Solar tower solar treadmills hooked to generators for animals

Other Energy Harvesting Methods Piezoelectric crystals or fibers generate a small voltage whenever they are mechanically deformed. Vibration from engines can stimulate piezoelectric materials, as can the heel of a shoe Kinetic watches - Some wristwatches are powered by kinetic energy. arm movement causes the magnet in the elctromagnetic generator to move. the motion provides a rate of change of flux, which results in some induced emf on the coils. related to faraday's law Thermoelectric generators (TEGs) - consist of the junction of two dissimilar materials and the presence of a thermal gradient. Large voltage outputs are possible by connecting many junctions electrically in series and thermally in parallel. Typical performance is 100-200 uV/degreeC per junction. These can be utilized to capture mW of energy from industrial equipment, structures, and even the human body. They are typically coupled with heat sinks to improve temperature gradient Micro wind turbines - are used to harvest wind energy readily available in the environment in the form of kinetic energy to power the low power electronic devices such as wireless sensor nodes.

Energy Storage Devices Device Description Method Batteries Electrochemical Lithium Ion Batteries Electrochemical Flow battery Electrochemical Fuel cells Electrochemical Capacitor Electrical Supercapacitor Electrical Superconducting magnetic energy storage (smes) Electrical Compressed air energy storage (caes) wind Mechanical Flywheels Mechanical Hydraulic accumulator solar Mechanical Hydraulic energy storage Mechanical Spring wave energy Mechanical Steam accumulator Thermal Compressed air Pumped Hydro pump water to high elevation for allowing to flow downward through generators later

Energy Sources volcanoes earthquakes hurricanes tornadoes tsunamis

Off the wall energy sources motion of waves in water motion of human body vibrations wind

Energy Conversion Methods photosynthesis - process for the conversion of carbon dioxide into organic compounds, especially sugars, using sunlight anaerobic digestion - series of processes in which microorganisms break down biodegradable material in the absence of oxygen, used for industrial or domestic purposes to manage waste and/or to release energy Thermoelectrics The pyroelectric effect converts a temperature change into electrical current or voltage photovoltaic effect - direct conversion to electricity solar thermal - converting sun radiation to heat

Methods of Converting Energy to Stored Energy electrolyzer, inputs: water and voltage, outputs: hydrogen and oxygen

Methods of Converting Stored Energy to Usable Energy fuel cell - chemical energy (in the form of hydrogen and oxygen) is converted directly (without combustion) into electrical energy

Miscellaneous Raw energy ⇒ Conversion ⇒ Usable energy Raw energy ⇒ Conversion ⇒ Storage ⇒ Conversion ⇒ Usable energy magnetohydrodynamics - the dynamics of electrically conducting fluids (plasmas, liquid metals, salt water) steam power rain water utilization collection kinetic energy from impact of falling raindrops

Maximize / Minimize maximize - functionality of device or apparatus minimize - energy consumption minimize - impact on environment

Green Ideas for House solar panels wind turbines geothermal heat pumps rainwater collection, use to power small turbine, upstream to downstream, use from the roof to gutters energy-generating gym equipment have a platform that extracts potential energy when a person goes from a higher level to a lower one solar sterling engine burning biomass or wood, to spin turbine water at higher elevations of house, such as from faucet or shower, can be passed through a generator before going down into septic or sewer all doors in house could have piezo electric devices to transfer energy from opening and closing doors into electrical power chairs could have springs in them so that when you sit down or stand up, energy is released Use a solar oven Use laptop instead of desktop Use compact fluorescent lights Insulate water heater and hot water pipes Rainwater harvesting and filtration solar tubes (or light tube) - lighting

Daily Green Actions to Take Always turn off lights and appliances when not using Use cold water washing rather than hot Hang clothes to dry instead of using dryer

Root causes ways to obtain electricity from house: • changes in displacement • changes in temperature so if you want to think alternative energy, think changes in displacement and temperature